新人教版高中英语必修3Unit 3 Diverse Cultures教学设计三

Unit 3 DiverseCultures教学设计

Period 3 Discovering Useful Structures

该板块的活动主题是“理解英语中省略的用法”(Understand the use of the ellipsis in English)。与汉语一样,英语中的省略也较为常见。省略是一种避免重复、突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。一般来说,只要不损害结构或引起歧义,能省略的地方就可以省略。省略可使语言更加简洁,意思更加明确,句子结构更加紧凑。本部分通过不同层次的语言学习活动,帮助学生体会使用省略的效果。

1. Ask students to analyze the omitted wordsin the sentence with the context, and understand the role of ellipsis;

2. Help students recover the omitted parts ofsentences according to the context or situation, and realize the effect ofomission;

3. Instruct students to summarize commonomissions and understand the role of omissions.

Importance:

1. Guide students to summarize commonomissions and understand the role of omissions;

2. Help students recover the omitted parts ofsentences according to the context or situation, and realize the effect ofomission;

Difficulties:

Recover the omitted parts of a sentenceaccording to the context or situation

1. Review ellipsis before class and point outits function;

2. Master the usage of ellipsis and perceivethe new ellipsis by combining with the relevant exercises of guiding cases.

Step 1 Revision

1.Present the following dialogue to thestudents and guide them to understand the use of ellipsis by asking questions:

Where is ellipsis used in the dialogue?Whatsmissing?

( 1)A: I’m hungry

B: Are you (hungry)?

A: Yeah.(I) Didnt have lunch today.

B:(Do you) Want some sandwiches?

A: Are there any?

B: Yeah. (I’ve) Just made some.

(2)A:(It) Looks like rain

B: Oh, I hope (it does) not(rain).

A: Why (do you hope it doesnt rain)?

B: We have a soccer game today, (do you) remember?

A: Do we (have a soccer game today )? Where (will it be)?

B: (It will be) In the bigger playground

Step 2 Learning new grammar

Activity 1

1. Ask students to find the sentences inactivity 1 in this unit and discuss the following questions in pairs:

①Why use ellipsis insentences?(clear meaning in the context, avoid repetition, make the structuremore compact, make the focus more prominent)

②What sentenceelements are omitted?(subject, predicate, object)

2. Ss read the dialogue and find out where ellipsisis used in the dialogue and what is missing.Then check their answers withclass.

1) (They are) Mexican corn chipscovered in cheese! (I love nachos), too.

2)…,(andthey are) all in one dishes? Exactly,(it’s the food of many differentcultures,and they are all in one dishes.)

3) (There is) a real mix of cultureshere!

4) (I) can’t wait (to go there)!

Step 3 Practice

Activity 2

Askstudents to complete activity 2. How to make a sentence by omitting theunnecessary parts of the sentence and comparing with the original sentence.

The child becomes concise.The teacher guidesthe students to summarize the different situations of using ellipsis in thesesentences and pays attention to the key cohesion in the sentences.

The first sentence is simple, the second,fifth and sixth are compound (but, and), and the third and fourth are compound(if necessary, as soon as possible, than).If when/whenever....+possible/necessary "and" as soon/fast/early/easy.+ as possible".

(Check their answers with class.)

Step 4 Summarizing

Guide the students tosummarize the usage of ellipsis.

一、基础点拨

为了避免重复或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去某一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。

在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：

(一)简单句中的省略

1．省略主语和谓语。

—Hello！Is Jack in？“你好！杰克在吗？”

—(This is)Jack speaking.“我就是。”

2．There be句型的省略。

(Is there)Anything wrong?

发生了什么事吗？

3．感叹句根据上下文的省略。

Whata (good) boy (he is)!

多好的男孩呀！

4．名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时可省略名词。

Igo to the supermarket instead of the butchers(shop) to buy meat.我去超市而不是去肉铺买肉。

5．介词的省略。

可以省略介词in的几个固定词组，如spendtime(in)doing sth.，have a hard time (in)doing sth.，waste time(in)doingsth.等。

Heseldom spends his spare time (in)studying.

他空余时间很少学习。

(二)并列句中的省略

1．省略共同的主语或宾语。

Tompicked up the book from the floor and(Tom)handedit to his brother.

汤姆从地板上捡起书并把它递给了他的哥哥。

2．若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主语和谓语。

Hisperformance made us amused，but(his performance made)himself tired.

他的表演让我们高兴，但是使他自己很累。

3．若主语不同而谓语的助动词、情态动词相同，则省略后面的助动词或情态动词。

Xiaomingmust have been playing football at that time，andhis sister(must have been)playingthe piano.

那时小明一定在踢足球，而他妹妹一定在弹钢琴。

(三)复合句中的省略

1．状语从句的省略。

(1)在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though等引导的状语从句中，若谓语含有be，而从句的主语与主句的主语相同或是it时，则从句的主语和be常被省略。

Hewill not attend the party unless(he is)invited.

除非被邀请，否则他不会参加这个宴会。

If(it is)convenient，please call me and have a chat with me.

如果方便的话，给我打电话聊天。

(2)虚拟条件句中若含有助动词were，had，should常省略if，将助动词were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。

WereI you(＝If I were you)，Iwill accept the chance to work in that company.

如果我是你，我会接受在那个公司工作的机会。

2．宾语从句中的省略。

(1)由特殊疑问词which，when，where及why引导的宾语从句，若从句中所表达的内容与主句内容重复，可将其省略，仅保留疑问词。

Hewas late for work again，and no one knew why(he was late for work again)．

他又一次上班迟到了，没人知道为什么。

(2)that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语时，可省略引导词that；若两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句作动词的宾语，只能省略第一个引导词that。

Joesaid(that)he would come and that hewould arrive at 5：00 p．m.

乔说过他要来，下午5点会到。

(3)在与suggest，request，order，advise等词有关的名词性从句中，从句谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

Isuggested that we (should) hold ameeting tonight.

我提议我们今晚开个会。

(4)在Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句时，其后常跟省略形式。so表示赞同前述的事实，not表示不赞同前述的事实。

—Wewill have to work extra hours to finish the work.

“我们将不得不加班来完成这份工作。”

—Im afraid so(＝we will have to work extra hours to finish the work)．“恐怕是这样。”

3．定语从句的省略。

(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略。

Hehanded the book(that/which)he boughtyesterday to me.

他把昨天买的那本书递给了我。

(2)way作先行词，且定语从句中缺少方式状语，此时引导从句的关系词可省略。

Wedont like the way (in which/that)hetreats his mother.

我们不喜欢他对待妈妈的方式。

(3)在以the same...as...与such as引导的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句相同的部分。

Theprice is the same as(the price was)beforethe war.

价格与战前相同。

(4)定语从句中的“关系代词＋助动词be”可以省略。

Theticket(that/which was)booked by hissister has been sent to him.

他妹妹订的那张票已送到了他那里。