2022年湖南省邵阳市中考英语真题 （原卷版）文档

多条技术路线并举是我国新冠疫苗研发的布局，目前已有灭活和病毒载体两条技术路线的新冠疫苗获批上市。新冠疫苗有的打三针，有的打两针，有的打一针，这是因为不同技术路线的疫苗特性不同。但其目的只有一个：保障效果和安全性。虽然制备方法、接种程序上各不相同，但目前投入接种的在接种方式（上臂三角肌注射）、年龄范围（18周岁及以上）、安全性和最终免疫效果（均满足世卫组织和我国药品审评中心CDE的保护效力要求）方面几乎是一致的。

2014年9月，国务院出台了《关于深化考试招生制度改革的实施意见》，明确提出减少和规范考试加分为贯彻落实《实施意见》有关要求，2014年12月，教育部、国家民委、公安部、国家体有总局、中国科学技术协会等五部门联合印发了《关于进一步减少和规范高考加分项目和分值的意见》五部门《意见》明确，2015年1月1日起，取消6项全国性加分项目，对于仍保留相关学生加分资格的省份，加分分值不超过5分，同时，《意见》还明确要求各地取消地方性体育、艺术、科技、三好学生、优秀学生干部等加分项目，并进一步大幅减少其他地方性高考加分项目，据统计，今年全国性加分项目已按要求全部调整到位，地方性加分项目将从2014年的95个逐年减少，到2018年仅剩35个，减幅63％，各地普遍降低了地方性加分项目分值，缩小了适用范围。

《岳阳楼记》选段予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万千，此则岳阳楼之大观也，前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？

YangHongwei, 56, was born into a kite-making family in Weifang. When she was young,she often saw kites with bright colors and different shapes in hergrandfather’s workshop.

In the large yard stood thirteen trees ofdifferent sizes. One day, while Joey was playing with his sister under thetrees, he noticed that a tree trunk (树干) had a sad look. He raninto the house to tell his mom about it. She told Joey to find the reason whyit was sad.

材料二 从公元 476 年西罗马帝国灭亡到 14～16世纪文艺复兴之前， 欧洲是政教合一的封建时代，宗教裁判所可以仅仅因为布鲁诺信奉哥白尼的日心说这样一个科学学说，而把他视为异端判处死刑，烧死在罗马鲜花广场上。因此，欧洲中世纪的科技经济发展和社会进步都受到了极大的阻碍，史称“黑暗的中世纪”。而这一千年，中国国家长期统一，经济持续发展，中华封建文明在大踏步前进……以四大发明为标志的传统技术更为世人所称道……只是到了近代才落后于西方。——摘编自王渝生《传统文化与中国科技发展》（1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，指出中国古代科技在世界科技史上的地位变化情况。（4分）（2）根据材料二并结合所学知识，概述公元401～1500年中国古代科技发展的主要原因。（6分）（3）右图是某校初三·三班吕亚楠同学制作的中国“古代四大发明”手抄报照片， 其中“四大发明是什么”的答案有点模糊不清，请你补充完成。（ 4 分）

材料二经过春秋战国时期的诸侯争霸，到秦朝统一多民族国家的形成，以皇权为中心的中央集权制度建立起来．历经汉魏至明清，皇帝与宰相之间的权势此消彼长，中央与地方争权斗争接连不断，最终皇权不断强化，中央集权逐渐得到巩固．中央集权制度作为古代中国政治制度的突出特色，对中国历史产生了深渊影响．中国统一多民族国家的形成与发展，官僚政治与行政管理以至文化教育传统，无不与此有着密切的关系．﹣﹣摘编自人教版历史必修①（1）材料一中的示意图一、二分别反映了我国古代哪个朝代的专制主义中央集权制度？（2）根据材料二并结合所学知识，指出我国古代专制主义中央集权制度的发展趋势．（3）下列是王明同学正在制作额“我国古代专制主义中央集权制度的评价”表格，请不补充表格中的部分论据．并指出王明同学评价我国古代专制主义中央集权制度的方法．

材料二从公元 476 年西罗马帝国灭亡到 14～16 世纪文艺复兴之前， 欧洲是政教合一的封建时代，宗教裁判所可以仅仅因为布鲁诺信奉哥白尼的日心说这样一个科学学说，而把他视为异端判处死刑，烧死在罗马鲜花广场上。因此，欧洲中世纪的科技经济发展和社会进步都受到了极大的阻碍，史称“黑暗的中世纪”。而这一千年，中国国家长期统一，经济持续发展，中华封建文明在大踏步前进……以四大发明为标志的传统技术更为世人所称道……只是到了近代才落后于西方。——摘编自王渝生《传统文化与中国科技发展》（1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，指出中国古代科技在世界科技史上的地位变化情况。（4分）（2）根据材料二并结合所学知识，概述公元401～1500年中国古代科技发展的主要原因。（6分）（3）下图是某校初三·三班吕亚楠同学制作的中国“古代四大发明”手抄报照片，其中“四大发明是什么”的答案有点模糊不清，请你补充完成。（ 4 分）

Thinking that her dream could never come true,Kelly was in low spirits and ____18____ her studies at school. Hermother did all she could to cheer her up, ____19____ Kelly refused tochange. She even took out all her anger and ____20____ on her mother.

During 1907-1909, British explorer EarnestShackleton explored Antarctica on foot. In 1911, two explorers—a British mannamed Scott and a Norwegian named Amundsen—raced 1, 400 kilometres to the SouthPole (南极).Amundsen arrived first.

As a boy, Kevin visited national parks and helearned the Earth is in ___12___ condition. He felt worried, and hewanted to ___13___ the Earth. In 2009, he went to swim in water nearNorth Pole（北极）todraw people’s attention to the melting glaciers（融化的冰川）.

Long ago, a poor old couple lived on the coast.One day, an old storyteller came to their village. The old couple gave him ameal. In return, he gave them a coffee mill (磨粉机)and said, “Say, ‘Mill, please grind (磨粉)’,”

Taiping nijiaojiao is made of the mudfrom the local mountain. It takes more than ten steps to make the clay toy, andthe key step is to knead (捏) it with your hands. You can knead the clay toyinto anything, like animals and plants. The blowhole is the most difficult partto make, for the size of the blowhole makes a difference to the sound. Whilecoloring, you can use traditional cultural elements (元素) thatcarry good meanings. It’s hard to make taipingnijiaojiao. But when you finally make it, you will feel proud of yourself.

When itcomes to a meaningful life, we might think of love, happiness and health. Alife filled with meaning is what most of us want for ourselves. Then, whatmakes a meaningful life?Manyresearchers agree that a meaningful life comes down to three factors (因素): havinglong-term goals, believing that one’s life matters, and feeling that one’s lifefits together and “makes sense”.But we believe there is more to consider. Sometimeslife enables us to experience small moments of beauty. When people are open toappreciating (欣赏) suchexperiences, these moments may improve how they see their own life. We callthis experiential appreciation (EA).

Michelle,a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in hercountry. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a Health Program to dealwith it. The Health Program is to reduce the number of fat students today andin the future.

For a long time, I guarded the garden of peaceand quiet. When the children followed me into the garden, I would expect themto be out of sight (视野). And I would hand out tasks.

Paper cutting or tearing is a cultural traditionin China. For centuries, it has been passed down from one generation（一代人） tothe next, especially from mothers to daughters.

Dealing with a nosebleed（鼻出血）mightseem simple. But recently, the British RED Cross asked parents with youngchildren how to help a child with a nosebleed. About 65 percent of parents didnot ____11____ the correct action to help.

My earliest memory ofthese events began when I was around four years old. I was filled with ___12___ at that time. There were lots of ___13___ — crying, shouting, and doors slamming (砰地关上).

My arms were shaking and my heart was beating ____19____when I stood at the starting line. ____20____ the endless runway (跑道), I felt like a boatfighting against the wind and rain.