Unit 4 SpaceExploration-Discovering Useful Structure教学设计

The theme of thesection is “Describe space facts and efforts to explore space”.

Infinitives areone of non-finite verbs, as the subjects, objects, predicative, attributes andadverbials. This unit is about space exploration, which is a significantscientific activity, so every scientific activity has strong planning.Therefore, using the infinitives to show its purpose, explanations orrestrictions is the best choice.

课件教案

1. Learn the structure, functions andfeatures of infinitives.

2. Learn to summarize some rules aboutinfinitives to show purpose and modify.
3. Learn to use infinitives in oral and writing English.

1. Learn the structure, functions andfeatures of infinitives.

2. Learn to summarize some rules aboutinfinitives to show purpose and modify.

3. Learn to use use infinitives in oral andwriting English.

Step 1 Lead in---Pair work

Look at thefollowing sentences and focus on the italicized infinitives. In pairs, discusstheir functions.

1.I trained for along time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot..(作目的状语)

2.As we all know, anastronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space..(作目的状语)

3.First of all, youmust be intelligent enough to get a related college degree..(作目的状语)

4.Some scientistwere determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space..(作定语)

5.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作定语)

Summary:

1.不定式的结构：to+do原形。

2.分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来表目的，还可以用来作定语，表修饰。

Step 2 Functions of infinitives as attribute
Rewrite thesentences by using infinitives as attribute.

1.In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married inspace.
In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became thefirst person______________ in space.

2.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people havedreamed that one day they would fly into space.
Mankind has always been curious aboutthe universe and many people have dream ______________ space.

3.But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire that he can do some usefulwork for the disabled.
But Janis Adkins has the ability anddesire ______________ for the disabled.

4.I usually have a lot of meetings which I have to attend next week.
I usually have a lot ofmeetings______________.

5.We need someone who can go and ask for a doctor.
We need someone_____________________.

6.Anderson gave her his suggestion that she should insist on her task.
Anderson gave her his suggestion_____________________.

Answers: 1. to get married 2. to flyinto 3. to do some useful work 4.to attend

5.to go and ask for a doctor 6. to insist on her task

Summary:
动词不定式用作定语，放在被修饰的名词后面。

1.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语, 表示尚未发生的动作。
We have much homework to do tonight.

2.名词前有first,last, next, only等词以及最高级修饰时,其后要用动词不定式。
She was the first woman to win thegold medal in the Olympic Games.

3.抽象名词attempt,ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代词something,nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
Janis Adkins has the ability anddesire to do useful work.

4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
She is a nice person to work with.

5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a person to do the job.

6.当名词与定语有同位关系时。
We got the order to leave thecity.

Step 3 Practice
(1) The airport______________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.

(2) Do you haveanything _____(do) tonight?

(3) The best way__________(improve) your English is to join an English club.

(4) Miss Liu is avery nice person__________(work) with.
(5) China is the third country in the world__________(send) men into space.
(6) Mary had great determination _____________(achieve) her goal.
(7) The German girl has the ability ___________(learn) Chinese well.
(8) I have something important __________(tell) you.
Answers: (1)to complete (2)to do (3)to improve (4)to work
(5)to send (6)to achieve (7)tolearn (8)to tell

Step 4 Functions of infinitives as purposeadverbial

Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as purpose adverbial.
1. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled forlater use.
In space, astronauts collect alldirty water ________________ it for later use.

2.Astronauts’ bones andmuscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need toexercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
Astronauts’ bones and muscles canget very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exerciseevery day_____________________.
3. Astronauts have to use tape tostick everything down while working in space because everything would float offotherwise.
Astronauts have to use tape tostick everything down while working in space ________________.
4. During a spacewalk, astronautshave to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control.
During a spacewalk, astronautshave to move slowly___________________________________.
Answers: 1. so as to/in order to/torecycle 2. so as to/inorder to/to keep healthy
3. so as not to/in order not to/notto float off 4. so as to/in orderto/to keep their bodies under control

Summary:不定式作目的状语，常译作“以便……，目的是……”。主要用来修饰动词和形容词, 也可用来修饰副词。在句中, 不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等, 可表示目的、原因及结果等。

1. 目的状语, 置于句首或句末, 置于句首时常表示强调,为加强语气。

A groupof young people got together to discuss this question.
(1) 置于句首时只用to do / in order to do。如用于表示否定, 用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。