2022年湖南省长沙市中考英语真题（原卷版）文档

In ourdaily lives, we are often given some boring or tiring tasks. What’s in yourmind when your mom tells you to clean the floor? Have you ever wanted tocomplain（抱怨）? I think most people have.

I lost mysmartphone at West Park on Loomis Road on Monday morning, Oct. 27. The photosin it haven’t been uploaded（上传）to the Cloud. They are very important to me.Please call me at 730-8607.

初，武与李陵俱为侍中。武使匈奴明年，陵降，不敢求武。久之，单于使陵至海上，为武置酒设乐，因谓武曰：“单于闻陵与子卿素厚，故使陵来说足下。终不得归汉，空自苦亡①人之地，信义安所见乎②？且陛下春秋③高，法令亡常，大臣亡罪夷灭④者数十家，安危不可知，子卿尚复谁为乎⑤？愿听陵计，勿复有云！”武曰：“武父子亡功德，皆为陛下所成就，位列将，爵通侯，兄弟亲近⑥，常愿肝脑涂地。今得杀身自效，虽蒙斧钺汤镬⑦，诚甘乐之。臣事君，犹子事父也。子为父死，亡所恨。愿无复再言。”陵与武饮数日，复曰：“子卿，壹听陵言。”武曰：“自分已死久矣！”王必欲降武，请毕今日之欢，效死于前！”陵见其至诚，喟然叹曰：“嗟呼！义士！陵与卫律⑧之罪上通于天！”因泣下沾衿⑨，与武决⑩去。

在此基础上，诞生了完整的二十四节气。用今天的天文学来解释，地球轨道投影到太阳系模型上形成的坐标系，为黄道坐标系。黄经，将这个坐标系的横轴，以春分为起点，自西向东度量，分360度，共有二十四个等份，每份15度，为一个节气。基本规律是：每月两节不变更，最多相差一两天。上半年是6日和21日，下半年是8日和23日。古人将每月的第一个节气称为“节”，每月的第二个节气称为“气”。“节”和“气”交替出现，各历时15天左右，如：在4月份有清明和谷雨两个节气。二十节气中，反映四季变化的节气有：立春、立夏、立秋、立冬、春分、秋分、夏至、冬至8个节气；反映气候变化的有：小暑、大暑、处暑、小寒、大寒5个节气；反映天气现象的有：雨水、谷雨、白露、寒露、霜降、小雪、大雪7个节气；反映物候现象的有：惊蛰、清明、小满、芒种四个节气；可以毫不夸张地说，二十四节气传统历法的关键和核心。

在此基础上，诞生了完整的二十四节气。用今天的天文学来解释，地球轨道投影到太阳系模型上形成的坐标系，为黄道坐标系。黄经，将这个坐标系的横轴，以春分为起点，自西向东度量，分360度，共有二十四个等份，每份15度，为一个节气。基本规律是：每月两节不变更，最多相差一两天。上半年是6日和21日，下半年是8日和23日。古人将每月的第一个节气称为“节”，每月的第二个节气称为“气”。“节”和“气”交替出现，各历时15天左右，如：在4月份有清明和谷雨两个节气。二十节气中，反映四季变化的节气有：立春、立夏、立秋、立冬、春分、秋分、夏至、冬至8个节气；反映气候变化的有：小暑、大暑、处暑、小寒、大寒5个节气；反映天气现象的有：雨水、谷雨、白露、寒露、霜降、小雪、大雪7个节气；反映物候现象的有：惊蛰、清明、小满、芒种四个节气；可以毫不夸张地说，二十四节气传统历法的关键和核心。

一、选择题（在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的．本大题共12小题，每小题3分，共36分）1．周朝分封的齐鲁两个诸候国大致都在今山东境内，而山东简称“鲁”与以下各项中哪一项关系最密切（　D　）A．齐桓公“尊王攘夷”损害了周王的威信 B．齐国综合实力远远弱于鲁国 C．老子及其学说对后世影响巨大 D．孔子及其学说对中国传统文化影响深远 【解析】孔子是鲁国人，孔子的儒家思想对中国传统文化影响深远，所以山东简称 “鲁”与D项最密切。A、B强调的是齐国，C与题意无关。故选D。2．以下历史事件发生于公元前3世纪的是（　B　）A．商鞅变法 B．秦王赢政建立秦朝 C．张骞通西域 D．三国鼎立局面形成 【解析】依据所学知识可知，公元前221年，秦始皇灭六国建立秦朝，定都咸阳。公元前221年为公元前3世纪后期。故选B。3．清朝前期，我国多民族国家得到进一步巩固和发展。康熙帝为此所做的努力是（　C　）A．统一蒙古草原 B．设立厂卫特务机构 C．设置台湾府 D．设置伊犁将军 【解析】1684年，清康熙帝设台湾府，隶属福建省。C符合题意。故选C。

材料一“为政以德，譬如北辰（北辰：北极星），居其所而众星拱（拱：围绕）之。”——《论语·为政》村料二 现代国家固然需要强调依法治国，但也要强调以德治国。法治与德治必须结合。法可厚，德可固法……坚持德治与法治统一，自律与他律并重，社会才能稳定有序。——唐志君《中国传统德治思想的现代选择》 请回答：(1）根据材料一指出孔子主要的治国思想是什么？( 2分）这一治国思想在汉、唐时期被统治者采用，举一例说明。(2分）(2）依法治国是近代资本主义国家的主要治国方略。美国独立后主要依据哪一宪法治国？（2分）法国哪一文件的颁布确立了资本主义的立法规范？( 2分）（3）根据材料二指出，在继承古代和近代治国思想的基础上，你认为当今我国应采用怎样的治国方略？(2分）

___14___, I think an interest in Englishis very important. When I was in Grade Three, we had a new ___15___ — English,it was new for me. I was interested in it. I worked hard at it. Soon we had anEnglish exam and I got a very good mark. How ___16___ I was! After that,I learned English harder. Our English teacher often teaches us English songs,and ___17___ sound nice. I often think how interesting English is!

Bike-to-Work Day is held every year across NorthAmerica on the third Friday of May. It was started by the League ofAmerican Bicyclists in 1956. Its aim is to promote (促进) the bicycle as a seriouschoice of getting to and from work. In today’s world where global warming is aserious issue, the bicycle is a perfect way of reducing our carbon (碳) footprint.

FIFA World Cup is one of the biggest sportsevents in the world. It ___11___ every 4 years. The first World Cup wasin 1930. It has a history of over 90 years. During the World Cup, ___12___fans watch the games and cheer for their favorite teams or players. We haveknown some famous football players from the football competitions, such asBeckham, Messi, and Figo. They have excited football fans for many years.

“We thankall the Chinese people for their support and encouragement. Our thanks also goto our workmates who took part in the mission (任务) and worked with us allthe time,” Zhai said to the reporter after he landed on the ground. “It is thepower and strength of our country that built the high-flying space station. Iam proud of our great motherland.”

Fiveyears ago, Jennifer, a girl from Australia, came to Xiangtan University tostudy Chinese. There she fell in love with Chinese culture and met her husband,who is a local (当地的) young man. They got married after she finishedher study. Since then, she has started her new life in Xiangtan City.

A passenger told an air hostess（空姐）thathe needed a cup of water to take his medicine when the plane just took off. Shetold him that she would bring him the ___11___ in ten minutes.

Parentsand children often face the challenges of money. Common topics include settingpocket money, learning to save, and deciding to buy expensive things. The goalof most parents is to teach their kids how to deal with money wisely. The goalof most kids is getting money to spend. How can families achieve these goals?

The boy named Li Banghua is from Hefei. AnhuiProvince. He made the plane completely by himself. The plane is 0.6 meterswide, has a wingspan (翼展) of 4.4 meters and weighs about 40 kilograms.According to a local report, Li just finished his high-school entrance exam ayear ago and got good grades.

材料 当代国学大师南怀瑾说：中国文化历史，在秦汉以前，主要是儒、墨、道三家，笼罩了全部的文化思想。到唐宋以后，换了一家，成为儒释道三家，这三家又笼罩着中国文化思想。佛学像百货店，有钱有闲，可去逛逛，逛了买东西也可，根本不逛也可，但社会需要它；道家像药店，它包括了兵家、纵横家的思想，乃至天文、地理、医药，一个国家、民族生病，非去这个药店不可；儒家的孔孟思想像粮店，是天天要吃的，要深切了解中国文化历史的演变、将来怎么办，就要研究四书。

天在下雨，让原本就显得有些悲壮的远行更添了一份凄凉。雨不大，缠绵如丝，像是故土对他恳切地挽留，轻轻柔柔飘落在他的头发上，于发梢积出细小的雨珠连成网，将他的薄外套淋得到处是深浅不一的痕迹。天阴阴的，压下来，世界晦暗。透过这迷离的雨雾，他恍惚看到路上的行人向他迎面走来，汇成浩荡的人潮，或者说，是他感到自己正孤独地在人潮中逆流而行。

余幼时即嗜学。家贫，无从致书以观，每假借于藏书之家，手自笔录，计日以还。天大寒，砚冰坚，手指不可屈伸，弗之怠。录毕，走送之，不敢稍逾约。以是人多以书假余，余因得遍观群书。

康肃问曰：“汝亦知射乎？吾射不亦精乎？”翁曰：“无他，但手熟尔。”康肃忿然曰：“尔安敢轻吾射！”翁曰：“以我的油知之。”乃取一葫芦置于地，以钱覆其口，徐以杓酌油沥之，自钱孔入，而钱不湿。因曰：“我亦无他，惟手熟尔。”康肃笑而遣之。

家在农村的朋友一定不会对小鸡小鸭破壳而出的场景陌生，它们在叽叽喳喳坠地时，往往会追随在世间第一个看到的物体，无论这个物体是不是它们亲妈，甚至不管是否跟它们一个物种，它们都会将其当成自己的妈妈去依恋，这在生物学上被称为“烙印现象”。